The Plains or Buffalo Wolf (Canis Lupus nubiluss) that is found in the western U.S. These include the Arctic Wolf (Canis lupis arctoss) that is found in north and northwest Canada as well as Alaska. This perception continues to persist among some Minnesotans to this day, but due to research information collected over the years and educational efforts these perceptions are changing and wolves are tolerated by many people or accepted as a part of the ecosystem of the area.Īll wolves in North America are gray wolves (Canis lupus) but there are a number of subspecies. Historically, in many cultures, large predators that compete, or are perceived to compete, with us for food, or are capable of killing us, have been persecuted and often their numbers have been greatly reduced or extirpated from the landscape. Many European cultures, on the other hand, feared and distained wolves and brought these beliefs to this country. They did, however, take wolves for traditional and cultural purposes. We were unable to find any historical information that would indicate that tribal members viewed wolves as a threat or that they harvested them to reduce their numbers. It is also a clan figure for some Native Americans. Gray wolves have long been an important spirituality and cultural species to Native Americans. Once delisting is secured management will revert back to Tribes and States so long as our management does not result in population declines and a need for relisting under the ESA. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) has made several attempts to delist wolves from the ESA, but due to lawsuits and procedural issues it was not until January of 2012 that this occurred. Under protection of the ESA wolf numbers increased on the reservation and by the mid 1990s the wolf numbers on the Leech Lake Reservation had recovered and have been fairly stable since that time. The Eastern Timber Wolf Recovery Plan, that was developed in 1978 under the ESA, listed the wolf as Threatened in Minnesota. Under the Act, gray wolves were listed as endangered in Minnesota as well as the rest of the nation with the exception of Alaska. The species received limited protection on Federal Land in 1966, but wasn’t fully protected until 1974 when it became one of the first species protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Bounties were paid in Minnesota from the mid 1800s until 1965.
Once a common animal, it was extirpated from the reservation, as well as most of the rest of the continental United States by the early 1960s, due to unrestricted harvest by humans. It is also a species of cultural and spiritual importance to many tribal members of the Band. The Eastern Timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), or Ma’iingan in Ojibwe, a subspecies of the gray wolf is currently the largest predator that inhabits the Leech Lake Reservation.
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